Citrus Foot Rot: A Major Threat to Citrus Trees
Citrus foot rot, also known as citrus gummosis or brown rot, is a serious disease that affects citrus trees worldwide. It is caused by a fungus called Phytophthora, which thrives in moist soil. Unfortunately, citrus foot rot is not curable, but it can be prevented.
Symptoms of Citrus Foot Rot
The symptoms of citrus foot rot include:
- Yellowing leaves
- Leaf dieback
- Reduced fruit yield
- Smaller fruit
- Gummosis: A gooey, dark brown, gum-like substance that oozes from cracks and lesions in the bark
- Water-soaked, brownish or black lesions on the trunk that spread and eventually girdle the tree
Causes of Citrus Foot Rot
Citrus foot rot is caused by the fungus Phytophthora, which lives in the soil. The fungus requires moisture to move to trees, which can happen through rain, irrigation, or when spores splash on tree trunks. Trees are most susceptible to citrus foot rot in rainy weather and cool, moist climates.
Managing Citrus Foot Rot Problems
Early detection of citrus foot rot is critical. Here are some tips for managing gummosis of citrus:
Ensure Good Soil Drainage: Plant trees on berms or raised beds to improve drainage. Inspect Trees Regularly: Look closely at the bark of new trees before purchasing and inspect citrus trees for symptoms several times per year. Water Properly: Use a drip irrigation system to avoid overwatering. Avoid Contaminated Water: Do not irrigate trees with drained water, as it can spread Phytophthora from one area to another. Limit Mulching: Mulch can slow the drying of the soil, contributing to excess moisture and the development of citrus foot rot.
Phytophthora Management
Phytophthora is a challenging fungus to control, but there are some measures you can take:
- Use resistant rootstocks when planting new trees.
- Avoid planting trees in areas with poor drainage.
- Keep the area around trees clean and free of debris.
- Apply fungicides according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Best Practices for Preventing Citrus Foot Rot
- Plant trees in well-drained soil.
- Use a drip irrigation system to avoid overwatering.
- Avoid irrigating trees with drained water.
- Limit mulching under citrus trees.
- Inspect trees regularly for symptoms of citrus foot rot.
- Prune infected branches and dispose of them properly.
- Clean and disinfect tools and equipment to prevent the spread of Phytophthora.
Conclusion
Citrus foot rot is a serious disease, but it can be prevented by following these best practices. By taking these steps, you can help keep your citrus trees healthy and productive.
