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Winter Gardening

Gardening

Lawn Weeds: The Hidden Culprit Behind Winter Mud | Ultimate Prevention Guide

by Donna
written by Donna 3 minutes read

Lawn Weeds: The Hidden Culprit Behind Winter Mud

Weeds in your lawn may seem like a minor annoyance, but they can actually be the root of a bigger problem: muddy paws in your house during winter. Here’s why:

Weeds Die in Winter, Leaving Bare Spots

When weeds die back in winter, they leave behind bare spots in your lawn. These bare spots turn into muddy patches when it rains or snows.

Muddy Paws Track Dirt Indoors

Your dogs love to run around outside, but when they step on muddy patches, their paws get covered in mud. And guess what? They track that mud right into your house.

Winter Lawn Care: The Solution

The key to preventing muddy paws and keeping your house clean is to prevent weeds from dying in winter. Here’s how:

Reseed Bare Spots in Spring

As soon as you can in spring, reseed bare spots in your lawn with an annual ryegrass seed blend. Annual ryegrass is a cool-season grass that sprouts quickly and provides temporary coverage for bare spots.

Mow Regularly During Summer

During summer, mow your lawn at the recommended height to encourage strong turf grass roots and a thick lawn. This will help prevent weeds from taking root.

Cut Weed Seed Heads Before They Bloom

Also during summer, routinely cut the lawn to remove weed seed heads before they bloom. This will prevent new weeds from sprouting.

Seed Bare Spots in Fall with Cool-Season Grasses

In fall, seed bare spots in your lawn with cool-season grasses, such as Kentucky bluegrass or perennial ryegrass. These grasses are more winter-hardy and will help to fill in any remaining bare spots.

Choose the Right Grass Seed Blend for Your Lawn

When choosing a grass seed blend for winter lawn care, look for one that contains both annual ryegrass and warm-season grasses, such as buffalo and Bermuda grass. This will ensure that your lawn stays green and weed-free all year round.

Additional Tips for Winter Lawn Care

  • Water your lawn deeply and infrequently during the winter months.
  • Avoid using fertilizers or pesticides during winter, as they can damage your lawn.
  • If you do have to use fertilizer, choose a slow-release formula that will not burn your lawn.
  • Keep your lawn mower blades sharp to avoid tearing or damaging the grass.
  • Aerate your lawn in the spring and fall to help improve drainage and root growth.

By following these tips, you can keep your lawn weed-free and mud-free all winter long, and you can enjoy a clean house without having to wipe up muddy paw prints every day.

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Perennials

Perennial Winter Care: A Comprehensive Guide for Beginners

by Donna
written by Donna 3 minutes read

Perennial Winter Care: A Guide for Beginners

What are Perennials?

Perennials are plants that live for more than two years. Unlike annual plants, which only live for one season, perennials come back year after year. However, perennials still need care and attention, especially during the winter months.

Why is Winter Care Important for Perennials?

Winter can be harsh on plants, especially in cold climates. Without proper care, perennials can be damaged or even killed by freezing temperatures, snow, and ice. Winter care helps to protect perennials from these harsh conditions and ensures that they come back healthy and vibrant in the spring.

Preparing Perennials for Winter

Trimming Dead Foliage:

Many perennials die back in the fall, leaving behind dead leaves and stems. It’s important to trim back this dead foliage before winter arrives. This helps to prevent disease and pests from overwintering in the garden.

Pruning:

Some perennials, such as peonies, lilies, and hostas, can be pruned back hard in the fall. This means cutting back the dead foliage to just a few inches above the ground. However, shrubby perennials, such as heucheras and liriope, should only be given a light trim in the fall. Save hard pruning for spring.

Mulching:

Mulching is one of the most important things you can do to protect perennials in winter. Mulch is any type of material that you can spread around your plants to insulate the roots and keep in moisture. Organic materials, such as shredded leaves, compost, or bark, are best because they also enrich the soil as they decompose.

Spread a layer of 2 to 5 inches of mulch around your perennials in the fall, after the ground has frozen lightly. Be sure to keep the mulch away from the stems of the plants to prevent rot.

Watering:

Even though perennials are dormant in winter, they still need water to survive. Water your perennials at least once a month during dry winters. This will help to prevent the roots from drying out and dying.

Winter Protection for Perennials in Cold Climates

In cold climates, perennials may need additional protection from the elements. You can protect your perennials by:

  • Using row covers or cold frames to create a warm, sheltered environment
  • Wrapping tender plants in burlap or fabric
  • Building a snow fence around your garden to block wind and snow

Choosing the Best Mulch for Winterizing Perennials

The best mulch for winterizing perennials is an organic material that is coarse and loose. This type of mulch will allow water and air to penetrate the soil while still providing insulation. Some good choices for organic mulch include:

  • Shredded leaves
  • Compost
  • Bark
  • Straw
  • Pine needles

Conclusion

Winter care is essential for keeping perennials healthy and vibrant. By following these tips, you can help your perennials survive the winter and come back strong in the spring.

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Gardening

Zone 3 Hardy Succulents: A Guide to Growing Succulents in Cold Climates

by Gregory
written by Gregory 4 minutes read

Succulents: The Cold-Hardy Champs

What are Succulents?

Succulents are a group of plants that have special adaptations, like thick, fleshy leaves or stems, to store water. They come in all shapes and sizes, from tiny groundcovers to towering trees. Many people think of succulents as desert plants, but they’re actually quite versatile and can grow in a variety of climates, even cold ones.

Zone 3 Hardy Succulents

Zone 3 is a cold climate zone, with average winter temperatures below -30 degrees Fahrenheit. But even in this chilly climate, there are a number of succulents that can thrive. These cold-hardy succulents are perfect for adding a touch of greenery to your winter landscape.

Some of the best zone 3 hardy succulents include:

  • Sempervivum (hens and chicks): These succulents are known for their hardiness and can tolerate temperatures down to -30 degrees Fahrenheit. They’re also easy to grow and spread quickly, making them a great choice for groundcovers.
  • Sedum (stonecrop): Sedums are another cold-hardy succulent that comes in a variety of shapes and sizes. They’re known for their attractive rosettes and clusters of tiny flowers.
  • Jovibarba hirta: This lesser-known succulent is a low-growing, rosette-forming plant with rosy-pink and green leaves. It’s a great choice for adding a touch of color to your winter garden.

Marginal Cold Hardy Succulents

Some succulents that are hardy to USDA zone 4 can also survive in zone 3 if they’re given some protection from the cold. These succulents can be planted in sheltered areas, such as around rock walls or the foundation of your house. You can also use larger trees and vertical structures to create microclimates that may not experience the full brunt of winter as forcefully.

Some marginal cold hardy succulents for zone 3 include:

  • Yucca glauca and Y. baccata: These zone 4 plants can survive many zone 3 winter experiences if they’re babied. Simply place blankets or burlap over the plants at night, removing them during the day, to protect them from the cold.
  • Ice plants: Ice plants are hardy succulents that produce lovely little flowers and have a low, groundcover nature. They’re easy to grow and can spread quickly, making them a great choice for covering large areas.

Tips for Growing Succulents in Cold Climates

Here are a few tips for growing succulents in cold climates:

  • Choose the right succulents: Not all succulents are created equal. Some are more cold-hardy than others. When choosing succulents for your zone 3 garden, be sure to select varieties that are known for their hardiness.
  • Provide protection from the cold: Even cold-hardy succulents can benefit from some protection from the cold. Plant them in sheltered areas, such as around rock walls or the foundation of your house. You can also use larger trees and vertical structures to create microclimates that may not experience the full brunt of winter as forcefully.
  • Use well-draining soil: Succulents don’t like to sit in wet soil. Be sure to plant them in well-draining soil that won’t hold onto water.
  • Water sparingly: Succulents don’t need a lot of water, especially during the winter months. Water them only when the soil is completely dry.
  • Fertilize lightly: Succulents don’t need a lot of fertilizer. Fertilize them lightly once a year in the spring.

With a little care, you can enjoy the beauty of succulents in your zone 3 garden all year long.

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Gardening

Overwintering Herbs: A Comprehensive Guide to Protecting Your Plants

by Gregory
written by Gregory 4 minutes read

Overwintering Herbs: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction

Overwintering herbs is a crucial step for gardeners in cold climates who want to enjoy fresh herbs all year round. Different herbs have varying levels of cold tolerance, so it’s important to understand your plant’s specific needs before preparing it for winter. This article will provide a comprehensive guide to overwintering herbs, including tips on pruning, mulching, and protecting tender perennials.

Determining Cold Hardiness

The first step in overwintering herbs is to determine their cold hardiness. This refers to the lowest temperature a plant can tolerate without sustaining damage. You can find this information on plant tags or by searching online using your favorite search engine. Once you know your plant’s cold hardiness, you can determine the best overwintering strategy.

Preparing Herbs for Winter

Fertilizing: Avoid fertilizing your herb garden after August. Late-season fertilization encourages tender new growth that may not survive the winter.

Watering: Water plants regularly throughout late summer and autumn. Drought-stressed plants are more susceptible to cold weather damage. If the winter is dry, provide occasional irrigation (when the ground isn’t frozen).

Pruning: Many perennial herbs need to be pruned before winter. Cut them back to a height of 4 to 6 inches after the first few hard freezes. This helps reduce wind damage and encourages new growth in spring.

Mulching: Mulching herbs helps protect their roots from cold temperatures. Apply a 3 to 6 inch layer of mulch, such as chopped leaves, straw, or pine needles, after the first hard freeze. Avoid mulching too early, as it can trap moisture and damage plants.

Overwintering Perennial Herbs

Many perennial herbs are winter hardy, meaning they can survive cold winters with minimal protection. These include:

  • Chives
  • Thyme
  • Mint
  • Fennel
  • Oregano
  • Lavender
  • Tarragon

In most climates, these plants need nothing more than a good pruning after the first hard freezes. However, in colder climates (USDA plant hardiness zone 5 and below), they may benefit from a layer of mulch.

Protecting Tender Perennials

Some perennial herbs, such as rosemary, bay laurel, and lemon verbena, are less winter hardy. These plants need extra protection during the winter months. Cut them back nearly to the ground after the first hard frost, then cover them with soil and top the soil with 4 to 6 inches of mulch. A layer of evergreen boughs can also provide additional protection from harsh winds.

Overwintering Annual Herbs

Annual herbs, such as dill and coriander, survive for only one growing season. They will be killed by the first frost. There isn’t much you can do to overwinter annual herbs, but be sure to pull them up and clear the area of plant debris. This will help prevent pests from overwintering in your garden.

Overwintering Herbs Indoors

If you’re concerned that your tender perennial herbs may not survive the winter outdoors, or if you want to continue using annual herbs year-round, many herbs can be overwintered indoors. Pot up herbs like parsley or basil in autumn, then move them back outdoors in spring. Some container herbs can also be given winter protection outside by placing them in a sheltered location and covering them with a thick layer of mulch.

Conclusion

Overwintering herbs can be a rewarding experience that allows you to enjoy fresh herbs all year round. By following the tips outlined in this article, you can help your herbs survive the winter and thrive in the spring.

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Vegetable Gardening

Winter Vegetable Gardening: A Beginner’s Guide to Growing Fresh Produce All Year Round

by Donna
written by Donna 3 minutes read

Winter Vegetable Gardening: A Beginner’s Guide

What are Winter Vegetables?

Winter vegetables are crops that can tolerate cold temperatures and even thrive in winter conditions. They include hardy crops like kale, Brussels sprouts, beetroot, turnips, and parsnips.

Benefits of Growing Winter Vegetables

  • Extend your growing season and enjoy fresh produce all year round.
  • Winter vegetables are often more nutritious than summer vegetables.
  • Growing winter vegetables can help improve soil health.

How to Grow Winter Vegetables

1. Choose the Right Crops

Select winter vegetables that are suited to your climate and growing conditions. Consider crops like kale, Brussels sprouts, turnips, and parsnips.

2. Prepare Your Soil

Winter vegetables prefer well-drained soil. Amend your soil with compost or manure to improve fertility and drainage.

3. Plant at the Right Time

Most winter vegetables are sown in late summer or early autumn. Follow the instructions on the seed packet for specific planting times.

4. Protect from Cold

Winter vegetables need protection from frost and cold winds. Use fleece, cloches, or an unheated greenhouse to keep your plants warm.

5. Water and Fertilize

Water your winter vegetables regularly, especially during dry spells. Fertilize them lightly every few weeks to promote healthy growth.

Popular Winter Vegetables

Turnips: A versatile root vegetable that can be added to soups, stews, and roasts.

Brussels sprouts: A leafy green vegetable that produces small, edible buds.

Purple sprouting broccoli: A type of broccoli that overwinters and produces spears in early spring.

Kale: A leafy green vegetable that is rich in vitamins and minerals.

Parsnips: A sweet and flavorful root vegetable that is perfect for roasting or mashing.

Tips for Growing Winter Vegetables

  • Use companion planting to improve growth and deter pests.
  • Harvest your vegetables as soon as they reach maturity to ensure the best flavor and quality.
  • Store your winter vegetables in a cool, dark place to extend their shelf life.

By following these tips, you can enjoy a bountiful harvest of fresh and nutritious winter vegetables all season long!

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Trees and Shrubs

Cedar Trees and Winter Damage: A Comprehensive Guide to Prevention and Treatment

by Gregory
written by Gregory 3 minutes read

Cedar Trees and Winter Damage: A Guide for Beginners

Introduction

Cedar trees are beautiful evergreen conifers that add a touch of elegance to any landscape. However, these trees can be susceptible to winter damage, especially in areas with cold winters and fluctuating temperatures. In this article, we will explore the causes, symptoms, and treatment of winter damage on cedar trees.

Causes of Winter Damage

Winter damage to cedar trees occurs when the trees are exposed to extreme cold temperatures, especially after a period of warm weather. This can cause the needle cells to thaw and then freeze again, which can lead to cell damage and death. The following factors can increase the risk of winter damage:

  • Sudden drops in temperature
  • Fluctuating temperatures
  • Exposure to winter sun
  • Drought conditions

Symptoms of Winter Damage

The symptoms of winter damage on cedar trees can vary depending on the severity of the damage. Some common symptoms include:

  • Dead foliage
  • Brown or discolored needles
  • Thinning foliage
  • Dieback of branches
  • Bark splitting

Treatment of Winter Damage

If you suspect that your cedar trees have been damaged by winter, there are several steps you can take to help them recover:

  • Inspect the trees: Examine the trees carefully for signs of damage. Scratch the stems to check for green tissue beneath the bark.
  • Prune damaged branches: If you find any branches with brown or discolored tissue, prune them back to healthy stems with green tissue.
  • Fertilize the trees: Apply a balanced fertilizer to the trees to help them recover from the damage.
  • Water the trees: If the soil is dry, water the trees deeply to help them rehydrate.
  • Mulch around the trees: Spread a layer of mulch around the base of the trees to help insulate the roots and retain moisture.

Preventing Winter Damage

While it is not always possible to prevent winter damage, there are some steps you can take to reduce the risk:

  • Choose hardy cedar varieties: Some cedar varieties are more resistant to winter damage than others. Research different varieties and choose one that is well-suited to your climate.
  • Plant trees in a protected location: Avoid planting cedar trees in areas that are exposed to strong winds or extreme cold temperatures.
  • Water the trees regularly: Keep the soil around the trees moist, especially during dry spells.
  • Fertilize the trees in fall: Apply a balanced fertilizer to the trees in fall to help them prepare for winter.
  • Mulch around the trees: Spread a layer of mulch around the base of the trees to help insulate the roots and retain moisture.

Additional Tips

  • Monitor the trees regularly: Check the trees for signs of winter damage throughout the winter and spring.
  • Be patient: Cedar trees can take several years to recover from winter damage.
  • Contact an arborist: If you are unsure how to treat winter damage on your cedar trees, contact a certified arborist for professional advice.

By following these tips, you can help your cedar trees survive the winter months and thrive for many years to come.

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Gardening

Gardening in Winter: A Beginner’s Guide to Harvesting, Protecting, and Starting New Crops

by Donna
written by Donna 2 minutes read

Gardening in Winter: A Guide for Beginners

Harvesting Winter Produce

Even in the cold winter months, there are plenty of fresh vegetables you can harvest from your garden. Here are a few tips:

  • Pick Brussels sprouts as needed from the stalks. Don’t forget the tasty tops too!
  • Pull fresh kale leaves from the outside of the plant.
  • Cut winter cabbages at the base with a sharp knife and remove a few outer leaves to reveal the crisp center.

Protecting Winter Crops

To keep your winter crops safe from the elements and pests, follow these tips:

  • Check netting regularly to prevent birds from getting tangled.
  • Keep an eye on stored crops for any signs of rot.
  • Protect cauliflowers from frost by covering them with cardboard or fleece.

Starting New Crops in Winter

Late winter is a great time to start some new crops, such as:

  • Bare-root fruit trees and bushes
  • Onions
  • Rhubarb (forced)

Planning for Spring Gardening

To get a head start on spring gardening, you can:

  • Cover soil over winter to keep weeds at bay and warm up the soil.
  • Chit seed potatoes indoors in a cool, well-lit place.

Additional Tips

  • Forcing rhubarb: Cover rhubarb clumps with a pot or bucket to encourage early growth.
  • Using ash in gardening: Sprinkle wood ash around fruit bushes and trees to increase soil alkalinity and provide nutrients.

By following these tips, you can enjoy fresh produce and keep your garden thriving all winter long.

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Gardening

How to Prune Roses in Winter: A Comprehensive Guide for Beautiful Blooms

by Donna
written by Donna 4 minutes read

How to Prune Roses in Winter: A Comprehensive Guide for Beginners

Introduction

Roses are beautiful and fragrant plants that can add a touch of elegance to any garden. However, to keep your roses healthy and blooming their best, it’s important to prune them regularly, especially during the winter months. Winter pruning helps to remove old, diseased, or damaged growth, and encourages the growth of new, healthy stems that will produce an abundance of blooms come summer.

When to Prune Roses in Winter

The best time to prune roses in winter is when the plants are dormant, which is typically from late fall to early spring. This is because the roses are less likely to be stressed by pruning during this time, and the wounds will heal more quickly. Avoid pruning in freezing conditions, as this can damage the stems.

Types of Roses and Pruning Techniques

Different types of roses require different pruning techniques. Here’s a brief overview:

  • Bush roses: Prune bush roses hard, removing about one-third of the old canes. This will promote healthy new growth and encourage flowering.
  • Climbing roses: Climbing roses need regular pruning to prevent a tangle of old wood. Prune to remove any dead or diseased canes, and to encourage the growth of new stems that will flower along their full length.
  • Hybrid tea roses: Prune hybrid tea roses to about four buds from the base. This will help to create an open framework and encourage flowering.
  • Floribunda roses: Prune floribunda roses to about six buds from the base. This will also help to create an open framework and encourage flowering.

Step-by-Step Pruning Guide

Materials you’ll need:

  • Sharp secateurs

Step 1: Remove old stems

Use sharp secateurs to remove the oldest, woodiest stems from your bush roses. Make sloping cuts just above a bud or sideshoot. Leave all the younger, green growth in place for now.

Step 2: Remove dead and twiggy growth

Cut out any dead or crossing branches and thin, twiggy growth using the tips of the secateurs. Be careful not to damage other stems nearby. Also remove any suckers coming from the rootstock.

Step 3: Prune young stems

Prune all young, green stems down to about four buds from the base on hybrid tea roses, and six on floribundas. Cut above an outward-facing bud. Aim to create an open framework about 40cm tall.

Additional Pruning Tips

  • Always try to prune when the rose is dormant – after autumn leaf fall and before the buds break in spring.
  • Use sharp secateurs to make clean cuts.
  • Remove any diseased or damaged growth.
  • Cut back to a healthy bud or sideshoot.
  • Aim to create an open framework that will allow for good air circulation.
  • Don’t overprune your roses.

Benefits of Winter Pruning

Winter pruning offers a number of benefits for your roses, including:

  • Promotes healthy growth
  • Encourages flowering
  • Prevents disease
  • Improves air circulation
  • Makes your roses more manageable

By following these simple steps, you can prune your roses in winter and help them to thrive and produce an abundance of beautiful blooms for years to come.

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Viticulture

How to Prune Grapes: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners and Experts

by Gregory
written by Gregory 3 minutes read

How to Prune Grapes: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction

Pruning grapes is an essential part of their care, helping to control their growth, improve fruit production, and maintain their overall health. Whether you’re a seasoned gardener or just starting out, understanding the basics of grape pruning is crucial for a successful harvest.

When to Prune Grapes

The best time to prune grapes is during their dormancy period, typically in late winter. This is when the vines are dormant and less likely to be damaged by pruning.

How to Prune Grapes

Step 1: Remove Old Wood

Start by cutting off as much of the old wood as possible. This will encourage the growth of new wood, which is where the fruit is produced.

Step 2: Trim Neglected Vines

If you have neglected vines, prune them gradually over several years. Each year, remove all growth except for new fruiting canes and renewal spurs. Renewal spurs will provide new fruit canes for the next growing season.

Step 3: Select and Tie New Canes

Choose a sturdy cane and cut it back to 3-4 feet, leaving at least a two-bud renewal spur. Tie the cane to a wire support or trellis.

Step 4: Remove Other Canes

Once you have selected and tied the new canes, remove all other canes.

Step 5: Cut Off Old Trunk

As the vine completes each growing season, cut off the old trunk just below the renewal cane.

Trimming Grapevines for Winter Protection

Grape varieties that require winter protection should be pruned into one horizontal trunk that can be easily removed from the trellis or support structure.

Trimming Grapevines Using the Kniffen Method

For grape varieties that don’t require winter protection, the Kniffen method is an effective pruning technique. This method involves using two horizontal wires to support the vine, with the bottom wire about 3 feet from the ground and the top wire about 5 feet from the ground. As the vine grows, train it onto the wires, removing all shoots between the wires and cutting back the shoots along the lower wire to only two buds. Mature vines will have about four to six canes with five to ten buds each and four to six renewal spurs with two buds each.

Tips for Pruning Grapes

  • Use sharp, clean pruning shears.
  • Make clean, angled cuts.
  • Remove all diseased or damaged canes.
  • Don’t over-prune.
  • Prune regularly to maintain vine health and productivity.

Conclusion

By following these simple steps, you can effectively prune your grapevines and enjoy a bountiful harvest. Remember to prune during dormancy, remove old wood, and select and tie new canes. With proper care and maintenance, your grapevines will thrive and produce delicious fruit for years to come.

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Gardening

USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map for Vermont Gardens: A Guide to Choosing the Right Plants

by Donna
written by Donna 3 minutes read

USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map for Vermont Gardens

Introduction

Hey there, Vermont gardeners! Have you ever wondered why some plants thrive in your neighbor’s yard but mysteriously die in yours? It could be because you’re not planting the right plants for your climate. That’s where the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map comes in.

What is the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map?

The USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map is a tool that divides the United States into different zones based on their average winter low temperatures. Vermont is located in USDA Plant Hardiness Zones 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, and 6a.

Why is the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map Important?

Knowing your USDA Plant Hardiness Zone is essential for choosing plants that will survive the winter in your area. If you plant a plant that is not suited for your zone, it will likely die or become damaged during the cold winter months.

How to Use the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map

To find your USDA Plant Hardiness Zone, simply type in your zip code on the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map website. You can also find the map at your local nursery or garden center.

Best Plants for Vermont’s USDA Plant Hardiness Zones

Here are some of the best plants for Vermont’s USDA Plant Hardiness Zones:

  • Zone 4a: Siberian iris, daylilies, hostas, ferns
  • Zone 4b: Lilac, peonies, roses, crabapple trees
  • Zone 5a: Maple trees, oak trees, birch trees, rhododendrons
  • Zone 5b: Apple trees, pear trees, cherry trees, hydrangeas
  • Zone 6a: Viburnum, forsythia, weigela, butterfly bush

Winter Gardening in Vermont

Even though Vermont has cold winters, there are still plenty of ways to enjoy gardening year-round. Here are a few tips for winter gardening in Vermont:

  • Choose plants that are hardy to your zone. This means choosing plants that can withstand the average winter low temperatures in your area.
  • Plant in a sheltered location. Choose a spot that is protected from the wind and cold.
  • Mulch your plants. Mulch helps to insulate the soil and protect the roots of your plants from the cold.
  • Water your plants regularly. Even though it’s winter, your plants still need water. Water them deeply and infrequently.

Additional Resources

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